Use Data Bound To DOM Elements With D3.js

Get Data From DOM Elements Using D3.js

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In this example, you will use D3.js to bind data to DOM elements of a basic webpage.

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Then you will use D3.js to use the data bound to DOM Elements to update the basic webpage.

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In the last section, we started with a basic webpage:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v6.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
    </body>
</html>

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And then bound data to paragraph HTML elements through the JavaScript Console:

var theData = [ 1, 2, 3 ];

var p = d3.select("body").selectAll("p")
  .data(theData)
  .enter()
  .append("p")
  .text("hello ");

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Which gave us this:

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Which is amazing - we have bound data to the DOM elements using D3.js.

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However, what we really want is to get our data back on to the basic webpage.

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Put another way, how do we get the values we bound to the HTML Paragraph DOM element out of the DOM element?

var theData = [ 1, 2, 3 ];

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Open the Webkit Inspector to get the JavaScript Console going along side the Elements Inspector.

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Reset the webpage.

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Type the following into the JavaScript Console:

var theData = [ 1, 2, 3 ];

var p = d3.select("body").selectAll("p")
  .data(theData)
  .enter()
  .append("p")
  .text( function (d) { return d; } );

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Which gives us the following:

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As you can see - instead of three paragraphs that say "Hello", we now have three paragraphs that contain our data!

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Congratulations - you have used data bound to DOM elements to update the webpage using D3.js!

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D3.js Text Operator Revisited

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The only part of the JavaScript code that changed from our previous example to this example is that:

.text( "hello ");

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became:

.text( function (d) { return d; } );

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The selection that the .text() operator is working on in both cases is the following:

d3.select("body").selectAll("p")
  .data(theData)
  .enter()
  .append("p")

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This selection represents three HTML <p> elements.

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As we covered in the previous section, the Text Operator sets the textContent of the node to the specified value on all selected elements.

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What is also true of the Text Operator is that if the value passed to it (the Text Operator) is a function, then the function is evaluated for each element in order.

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‍And the functions result is used to set each element's text context.

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Which in our case means, that instead of setting "Hello" as the text value, the function goes through each element, gets the __data__ property and returns it to the Text Operator, so that it can set that result as the text content for the element.

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JavaScript Functions in D3.js Operators

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We are passing a JavaScript function to the Text operator:

function (d) { return d; }

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If you are new to JavaScript functions, here is a brief synopsis:

function functionName (variableName) {
  return variableName;
}

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The "function" operator defines a function named "functionName" which takes a variable "variableName" and then returns the same variable.

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If the functionName is missing, then it is called an anonymous function.

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Anonymous functions are used to make code more concise when declaring a function that will only be used in one place.

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In our case, the function is used only inside of the D3.js Text Operator so we don't have to define a name for the function since the function will never be used again:

.text( function (d) { return d; } );

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Note - the anonymous function doesn't have to be one line or just a simple return, the function could be something like this:

function (d) {
  var addedNumber = 2;
  var tempNumber;
  // we add the number 2 to our input
  tempNumber = d + addedNumber;
  return tempNumber;
}

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So our full code, would be:

var theData = [ 1, 2, 3 ];

var p = d3.select("body").selectAll("p")
  .data(theData)
  .enter()
  .append("p")
  .text(
         function (d) {
	         var addedNumber = 2;
	         var tempNumber;
	         // we add the number 2 to our input
	         tempNumber = d + addedNumber;
	         return tempNumber;
         }
  );

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We reset the browser.

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We paste and run the above D3.js and JavaScript code and get the following:

D3.js Anonymous Function Data Bind to DOM Element

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As you can see, our function has added the number "2" to each data item in our data set and updated the text of the DOM elements.

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Using these functions, you can write anything you want using JavaScript to manipulate the data.

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This is powerful in data visualizations when you will want differentiate style and format of SVG objects based on what values the data contains.

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Variables Available inside D3.js Operators

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In our example:

.text( function (d) { return d; } );

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You can see that the variable d is available for use in the anonymous function.

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This variable is provided to us by D3.js and it refers to the current __data__ attribute for the specific element being processed.

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The are two other variables provided to us by D3.js - this and i.

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this refers to the current DOM element being evaluated.

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i refers to the index of the current HTML element being evaluated in the selected elements selection.

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Remember that all the data is processed at once and in sequential order.

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‍Note - i starts at 0.

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This means in our data set

var theData = [ 1, 2, 3 ];

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The data is processed in order of "1", "2" and then "3".

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With "1" having an i value of 0, "2" having an i value of 1 and "3" having an i value of 2.

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Go back to the browser tab with your D3.js V6 code.

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Reset the webpage.

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You can run the following in the JavaScript Console to see this demonstrated:

var theData = [ 1, 2, 3 ];

var p = d3.select("body").selectAll("p")
  .data(theData)
  .enter()
  .append("p")
  .text(function (d,i) {
    return "i = " + i + " d = " + d;
   });

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Which gives us the following:

D3.js Using Data Iterator Values to Bind Data And Display Data

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Having the index available allows for things like alternating style and formatting.